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Theoretical and technological exploration of deep

Heping XIE, Yang JU, Shihua REN, Feng GAO, Jianzhong LIU, Yan ZHU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 603-611 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0643-x

摘要： Mining industries worldwide have inevitably resorted to exploiting resources from the deep underground. However, traditional mining methods can cause various problems, e.g., considerable mining difficulty, environmental degradations, and frequent disastrous accidents. To exploit deep resources in the future, the concept of mining must be reconsidered and innovative new theories, methods, and technologies must be applied. To effectively acquire coal resources deeper than 2000 m, new theoretical and technological concepts about deep fluidized mining are required. The limits of mining depth need to be broken to acquire deep-coal resources in an environmentally friendly, safe, and efficient manner. This is characterized by ‘There are no coal on the ground and no men in the coal mine’. First, this paper systematically explains deep fluidized coal mining. Then, it presents a new theoretical concept, including the theories of mining-induced rock mechanics, three-field visualization, multi-physics coupling for transformation, and mining, transformation and transport. It also presents key technological concepts, including those of intelligent, unmanned, and fluidized mining. Finally, this paper presents a strategic roadmap for deep fluidized coal mining. In summary, this paper develops new theoretical and technological systems for accomplishing groundbreaking innovations in mining technologies of coal resources in the deep underground.

关键词： coal resource     deep in situ     fluidized mining     theoretical system     key technologies     strategic roadmap    

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Suspended solid abatement in a conical fluidized bed flocculator

Dandan ZHOU, Shuangshi DONG, Keyu LI, Huizhong JIANG, Dandan SHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 127-134 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0415-x

摘要： With the random movement of silica gel beads in a conical fluidized bed, micro-vortices resulting from the fluidization promoted the collision and aggregation of suspended fine kaolin powders. The abatement efficiencies of the suspended fine solids under several hydrodynamic conditions were studied, and a suitable control strategy for operating the conical fluidized bed flocculators was identified. The suspended solids abatement efficiency was found to increase with increasing Camp Number and flocculation time ( ), but decreased with the increase of velocity gradient ( ) within the range studied in this research (165.1–189.6 s ). The abatement efficiencies were all more than 60% at the range of = 165–180 s and = 15–33 s at an initial kaolin solid concentration of 150 mg·L , polymer aluminum chloride dosage of 60 mg·L and sedimentation time of 20 min. However, the formation of flocs was influenced by the liquid backmixing. Excessive backmixing caused the breakup of flocs and resulted in difficulty for the fine powders to aggregate and sediment to the reactor bottom. The results of the calculated fractal dimension and measured free sedimentation velocity of flocs obtained at different runs showed similar flocs properties, and indicated an easy control strategy for sedimentation of the flocs.

关键词： conical fluidized bed     flocculation     velocity gradient    

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CFD based combustion model for sewage sludge gasification in a fluidized bed

Yiqun WANG, Lifeng YAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 138-145 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0050-7

摘要： Gasification is one potential way to use sewage sludge as renewable energy and solve the environmental problems caused by the huge amount of sewage sludge. In this paper, a three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model has been developed to simulate the sewage sludge gasification process in a fluidized bed. The model describes the complex physical and chemical phenomena in the gasifier including turbulent flow, heat and mass transfer, and chemical reactions. The model is based on the Eulerian-Lagrangian concept using the non-premixed combustion modeling approach. In terms of the CFD software FLUENT, which represents a powerful tool for gasifier analysis, the simulations provide detailed information on the gas products and temperature distribution in the gasifier. The model sensitivity is analyzed by performing the model in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed in the literature, and the model validation is carried out by comparing with experimental data from the literature. Results show that reasonably good agreement was achieved. Effects of temperature and Equivalence Ratio (ER) on the quality of product syngas (H + CO) are also studied.

关键词： CFD     model     sewage sludge     gasification     syngas    

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Development of a hydrodynamic model and the corresponding virtual software for dual-loop circulating fluidized

Shanwei Hu, Xinhua Liu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 579-590 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1953-6

摘要： Dual-loop circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactors have been widely applied in industry because of their good heat and mass transfer characteristics and continuous handling ability. However, the design of such reactors is notoriously difficult owing to the poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms, meaning it has been heavily based on empiricism and stepwise experiments. Modeling the gas-solid CFB system requires a quantitative description of the multiscale heterogeneity in the sub-reactors and the strong coupling between them. This article proposed a general method for modeling multi-loop CFB systems by utilizing the energy minimization multiscale (EMMS) principle. A full-loop modeling scheme was implemented by using the EMMS model and/or its extension models to compute the hydrodynamic parameters of the sub-reactors, to achieve the mass conservation and pressure balance in each circulation loop. Based on the modularization strategy, corresponding interactive simulation software was further developed to facilitate the flexible creation and fast modeling of a customized multi-loop CFB reactor. This research can be expected to provide quantitative references for the design and scale-up of gas-solid CFB reactors and lay a solid foundation for the realization of virtual process engineering.

关键词： multi-loop circulating fluidized bed     mathematical modeling     energy minimization multiscale     virtual fluidization     mesoscale structure    

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Occurrence of veterinary antibiotics in struvite recovery from swine wastewater by using a fluidized

Zhi-Long Ye, Yujun Deng, Yaoyin Lou, Xin Ye, Shaohua Chen

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1015-1

摘要： Recovering phosphorus from livestock wastewater has gained extensive attention. The residue of veterinary antibiotics in the wastewater may be present in the recovered products, thereby posing pharmacological threats to the agricultural planting and human health. This study investigated antibiotic occurrence in the struvite particles recovered from swine wastewater by using a fluidized bed. Results revealed that tetracyclines possessed significant residues in the struvite granules, with the values ranging from 195.2 mg·kg to 1995.0 mg·kg . As for fluoroquinolones, their concentrations varied from 0.4 mg·kg to 1104.0 mg·kg . Struvite particles were of various sizes and shapes and displayed different antibiotic adsorption capacities. The data also showed that the smaller granules contained much more antibiotics than the larger ones, indicating that the fluidized granulation process of struvite crystals plays an important role on the accumulation of antibiotics. For tetracyclines, organic matters and struvite adsorption exerted significant impacts on tetracyclines migration. The outcomes underscore the need to consider the residues of antibiotics in resource recovery from wastewater because they exert pharmacological impacts on the utilization of recovered products.

关键词： Antibiotic     Struvite     Phosphorus recovery     Swine wastewater     Fluidized bed    

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Performance evaluation of circulating fluidized bed incineration of municipal solid waste by multivariate

Hua Tao, Pinjing He, Yi Zhang, Wenjie Sun

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0945-3

摘要： This first nationwide survey was conducted to evaluate the overall performance of the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) in 2014-2015 in China. Total 23 CFB incineration power plants were evaluated. The data for monthly average flue gas emission of particles, CO, NO , SO and HCl were collected over 12 consecutive months. The data were analyzed to assess the overall performance of CFB incineration by applying the Mahalanobis distance as a multivariate outlier detection method. Although the flue gas emission parameters had met the Chinese national emission standards, there were 11 total outliers (abnormal behavior) detected in 6 out of 23 CFB incineration power plants from the perspective of the MSW incineration performance. The results demonstrate that it is more important for a better performance of CFBs to reduce the frequencies of the MSW load changes, rather than the magnitudes of the MSW load changes, particularly reducing the frequencies in the range of 10% and more of the load changes, under the same and stable conditions. Furthermore, the overloading occurs more often than the underloading during the operation of the CFB incineration power plants in China. The frequent overloading is 0% to 30% of the designed capacity. To achieve the stable performance of CFBs in practice, an appropriately designed MSW storage capacity is suggested to build in a plant to buffer and reduce the frequency of the load changes.

关键词： Municipal solid waste     Incineration     Circulating fluidized bed     Load change     Multivariate outlier detection    

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Self-sustained catalytic combustion of CO enhanced by micro fluidized bed: stability operation, fluidization

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1709-x

摘要：

● Catalytic combustion in fluidized bed realizes efficient heat and mass transfer.

关键词： Self-sustained catalytic combustion     Carbon monoxide     Cu1–xCexOy     Fluidized bed     Computational fluid dynamics    

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Development of a supercritical and an ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler

Junfu LYU, Hairui YANG, Wen LING, Li NIE, Guangxi YUE, Ruixin LI, Ying CHEN, Shilong WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 114-119 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0512-4

摘要： The supercritical circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, which combines the advantages of CFB combustion with low cost emission control and supercritical steam cycle with high efficiency of coal energy, is believed to be the future of CFB combustion technology. It is also of greatest importance for low rank coal utilization in China. Different from the supercritical pulverized coal boiler that has been developed more than 50 years, the supercritical CFB boiler is still a new one which requires further investigation. Without any precedentor engineering reference, Chinese researchers have conducted fundamental research, development, design of the supercritical CFB boilers independently. The design theory and key technology for supercritical CFB boiler were proposed. Key components and novel structures were invented. The first 600 MWe supercritical CFB boiler and its auxiliaries were successfully developed and demonstrated in Baima Power Plant, Shenhua Group as well as the simulator, control technology, installation technology, commissioning technology, system integration and operation technology. Compared with the 460 MWe supercritical CFB in Poland, developed in the same period and the only other supercritical one of commercial running in the word beside Baima, the 600 MWe one in Baima has a better performance. Besides, supercritical CFB boilers of 350 MWe have been developed and widely commercialized in China. In this paper, the updated progress of 660 MWe ultra-supercritical CFB boilers under development is introduced.

关键词： supercritical     circulating fluidized bed boiler     development     demonstration    

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Particle-scale simulation of fluidized bed with immersed tubes

ZHAO Yongzhi, JIANG Maoqiang, CHENG Yi

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 341-345 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0046-8

摘要： In order to simulate gas-solids flows with complex geometry, the boundary element method was incorporated into the implementation of a combined model of computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method. The resulting method was employed to simulate hydrodynamics in a fluidized bed with immersed tubes. The transient simulation results showed particle and bubble dynamics. The bubble coalescence and break-up behavior when passing the immersed tubes was successfully predicted. The gas-solid flow pattern in the fluidized bed is changed greatly because of the immersed tubes. As particles and gas are come in contact with the immersed tubes, the gas bubbles will be deformed. The collisions between particles and tubes will make the tubes surrounded by air pockets most of the time and this is unfavorable for the heat transfer between particles and tubes.

关键词： unfavorable     computational     gas-solid     particle     discrete    

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Circulating fluidized bed biological reactor for nutrients removal

CUI Yubo, LIU Hongbo, BAI Chunxue

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 349-353 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0051-7

摘要： A new biological nitrogen removal process, which is named herein “The circulating fluidized bed bioreactor (CFBBR)”, was developed for simultaneous removal of nitrogen and organic matter. This process was composed of an anaerobic bed (Riser), aerobic bed (Downer) and connecting device. Influent and nitrified liquid from the aerobic bed enters the anaerobic bed from the bottom of the anaerobic bed, completing the removal of nitrogen and organic matter. The system performance under the conditions of different inflow loadings and nitrified liquid recirculation rates ranging from 200% to 600% was examined. From a technical and economic point of view, the optimum nitrified liquid recirculation rate was 400%. With a shortest total retention time of 2.5 h (0.8 h in the anaerobic bed and 1.5 h in the aerobic bed) and a nitrified liquid recirculation rate of 400% based on the influent flow rate, the average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen (TN) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) were found to be 88% and 95%, respectively. The average effluent concentrations of TN and SCOD were 3.5 mg/L and 16 mg/L, respectively. The volatile suspended solid (VSS) concentration, nitrification rate and denitrification rate in the system were less than 1.0 g/L, 0.026–0.1 g NH-N/g VSSd, and 0.016–0.074 g NO-N/g VSSd, respectively.

关键词： soluble chemical     bioreactor     biological nitrogen     optimum nitrified     nitrogen removal    

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Performance of inverse fluidized bed bioreactor in treating starch wastewater

M. RAJASIMMAN, C. KARTHIKEYAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 235-239 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0020-0

摘要： Aerobic digestion of starch industry wastewater was carried out in an inverse fluidized bed bioreactor using low-density (870 kg/m ) polypropylene particles. Experiments were carried out at different initial substrate concentrations of 2250, 4475, 6730, and 8910 mg COD/L and for various hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 40, 32, 24, 16, and 8 h. Degradation of organic matter was studied at different organic loading rates (OLR) by varying the HRT and the initial substrate concentration. From the results it was observed that the maximum COD removal of 95.6% occurred at an OLR of 1.35 kg COD/(m ·d) and the minimum of 51.8% at an OLR of 26.73 kg COD/(m ·d). The properties of biomass accumulation on the surface of particles were also studied. It was observed that constant biomass loading was achieved over the entire period of operation.

关键词： inverse fluidization     low-density particles     polypropylene     starch     biofilm    

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Modeling of solids segregation in circulating fluidized bed boilers

Xuan YAO, Tao WANG, Jia ZHAO, Hairui YANG, Hai ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 115-119 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0103-0

摘要： Segregation always occurs in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) because of the wide distribution of particle size and density of the bed material. Terminal velocity has a significant influence on solids segregation; thus, it is convenient to describe the segregation tendency using single particle terminal velocity . This paper proposes a segregation model in CFB boilers based on the Cell Model. In each cell along the riser, varied-sized particles have different tendencies toward segregation; finer particles are carried out more easily, while coarser ones tend to sink into the cell. It is assumed that the average terminal velocity , corresponding to the mean particle size in the cell, has a segregation index of = 1.0 as the reference point. The segregation index of particles with higher terminal velocity is lower than 1.0, while that for finer particles is larger than 1.0. The empirical formulae of segregation parameters, namely and , are derived by optimizing experimental data in published literature. The test result of ash size distribution in a 220 t/h CFB boiler validates the reasonableness of the model.

关键词： segregation     model     terminal velocity     circulating fluidized bed (CFB)    

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Experimental study on influence of operating parameters on tar components from corn straw gasification in fluidized

Shuai GUO, Xiao WEI, Deyong CHE, Hongpeng LIU, Baizhong SUN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 374-383 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0710-3

摘要： Gasification is a promising approach for converting solid fuel sources, including renewable ones like biomass, for use. The main problem in biomass gasification is the formation of condensable tars, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This paper investigated the conversion of tar components during corn straw gasification. It analyzed collected tar components using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrograph (GC-MS). Experimental results indicate that, with increasing temperature from 700°C to 900°C, the concentrations of benzene, indene, phenanthrene, naphthalene, acenaphthylene, fluorene, and pyrene increased whereas those of toluene, phenol, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene decreased. As the equivalence ratio (ER) increased from 0.21 to 0.34, the concentrations of indene and phenanthrene increased from 0.148% and 0.087% to 0.232% and 0.223%, respectively. Further, the phenol content increased as ER increased from 0.21 to 0.26 and then decreased as the ER increased further to 0.34. Other parameters like the steam/biomass (S/B) ratio and catalyst also played a critical role in tar reduction. This paper demonstrates the conversion of some tar components and elucidates their chemical properties during gasification.

关键词： gasification     tar components     operating parameters    

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Flow boiling heat transfer in circulating fluidized bed

Xiaoguang REN , Jiangdong ZHENG , Sefiane KHELLIl , Arumemi-Ikhide MICHAEL ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第1期   页码 85-89 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0067-5

摘要： In order to enhance heat transfer and mitigate contamination in the boiling processes, a new type of vapor-liquid-solid (3-phase) circulating fluidized bed boiling system has been designed, combining a circulating fluidized bed with boiling heat transfer. Experimental results show an enhancement of the boiling curve. Flow visualization studies concerning flow hydrodynamics within the riser column are also conducted whose results are presented and discussed.

关键词： vapor-liquid-solid three phase     flow boiling heat transfer     circulating fluidized bed    

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A study of spray granulation in vibrated fluidized bed with internal heating tubes

Xiaoheng PAN, Shichao YE, Zeguang ZHANG, Li ZHANG, Xuejun ZHU

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第1期   页码 78-82 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0084-x

摘要： The granulation process in a vibrated fluidized bed with immersed horizontal heating tubes was studied in this paper, with small monoammonium phosphate particles as the initial particles and monoammonium phosphate solution sprayed on them. The concrete influences on the granulating performance of the immersed horizontal heating power, fluidizing gas velocity, vibration frequency and amplitude had been analyzed theoretically. The results show that appropriate vibration intensity is a preferred condition for the growth of partials, but the fine dust will become much more along with prolonged vibration. Increasing the heating power is beneficial to raise the growth rate. Particles will grow faster if the fluidizing gas velocity is higher, but this will cause more fine dust. The optimized condition of =0.002 m, =6.67 Hz, =1.4 m/s was given after the analysis of the experimental results. In the end, a semiempirical formula was derived from the experiment data, and the calculation results show good agreement with the experimental data.

关键词： vibrated fluidized bed     immersed horizontal     horizontal heating tubes     spray granulation     particle growth model    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Theoretical and technological exploration of deep

Heping XIE, Yang JU, Shihua REN, Feng GAO, Jianzhong LIU, Yan ZHU

期刊论文

Suspended solid abatement in a conical fluidized bed flocculator

Dandan ZHOU, Shuangshi DONG, Keyu LI, Huizhong JIANG, Dandan SHANG

期刊论文

CFD based combustion model for sewage sludge gasification in a fluidized bed

Yiqun WANG, Lifeng YAN

期刊论文

Development of a hydrodynamic model and the corresponding virtual software for dual-loop circulating fluidized

Shanwei Hu, Xinhua Liu

期刊论文

Occurrence of veterinary antibiotics in struvite recovery from swine wastewater by using a fluidized

Zhi-Long Ye, Yujun Deng, Yaoyin Lou, Xin Ye, Shaohua Chen

期刊论文

Performance evaluation of circulating fluidized bed incineration of municipal solid waste by multivariate

Hua Tao, Pinjing He, Yi Zhang, Wenjie Sun

期刊论文

Self-sustained catalytic combustion of CO enhanced by micro fluidized bed: stability operation, fluidization

期刊论文

Development of a supercritical and an ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler

Junfu LYU, Hairui YANG, Wen LING, Li NIE, Guangxi YUE, Ruixin LI, Ying CHEN, Shilong WANG

期刊论文

Particle-scale simulation of fluidized bed with immersed tubes

ZHAO Yongzhi, JIANG Maoqiang, CHENG Yi

期刊论文

Circulating fluidized bed biological reactor for nutrients removal

CUI Yubo, LIU Hongbo, BAI Chunxue

期刊论文

Performance of inverse fluidized bed bioreactor in treating starch wastewater

M. RAJASIMMAN, C. KARTHIKEYAN

期刊论文

Modeling of solids segregation in circulating fluidized bed boilers

Xuan YAO, Tao WANG, Jia ZHAO, Hairui YANG, Hai ZHANG

期刊论文

Experimental study on influence of operating parameters on tar components from corn straw gasification in fluidized

Shuai GUO, Xiao WEI, Deyong CHE, Hongpeng LIU, Baizhong SUN

期刊论文

Flow boiling heat transfer in circulating fluidized bed

Xiaoguang REN , Jiangdong ZHENG , Sefiane KHELLIl , Arumemi-Ikhide MICHAEL ,

期刊论文

A study of spray granulation in vibrated fluidized bed with internal heating tubes

Xiaoheng PAN, Shichao YE, Zeguang ZHANG, Li ZHANG, Xuejun ZHU

期刊论文